Everything you need to know about visiting Hagia Sophia in Istanbul — from its 1,500-year history and stunning Byzantine architecture to current opening hours, ticket prices, dress code, and insider tips for the best experience.
Hagia Sophia: Istanbul's Most Iconic Landmark
Standing at the heart of Istanbul's historic Sultanahmet district, Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya) is one of the most awe-inspiring buildings in the world. For nearly 1,500 years, this architectural masterpiece has served as a cathedral, mosque, museum, and mosque once again — each era leaving its mark on this extraordinary structure. Whether you're a history enthusiast, architecture lover, or spiritual traveler, Hagia Sophia is an absolute must-visit. This guide covers everything you need to plan your visit.
A Brief History of Hagia Sophia
Hagia Sophia was originally built as a Christian cathedral in 537 AD under the orders of Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. For nearly a thousand years, it was the largest cathedral in the world and the center of Eastern Orthodox Christianity. The massive dome, spanning 31 meters in diameter, was an engineering marvel that influenced architecture for centuries to come.
When the Ottoman Empire conquered Constantinople in 1453, Sultan Mehmed II converted Hagia Sophia into a mosque. The Ottomans added minarets, a mihrab, and stunning Islamic calligraphy medallions — all of which still complement the Byzantine mosaics inside. In 1934, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk transformed it into a museum, and in 2020 it was reconverted into a functioning mosque. Today, visitors can still admire both the Christian and Islamic artistic elements side by side.
What to See Inside Hagia Sophia
The interior of Hagia Sophia is nothing short of breathtaking. As you enter through the Imperial Gate, look up to see the enormous central dome that appears to float above you, supported by a ring of windows that fill the space with natural light. Key highlights include the stunning Byzantine mosaics — particularly the Deësis Mosaic depicting Christ flanked by the Virgin Mary and John the Baptist — and the massive Islamic calligraphy medallions bearing the names of Allah, Prophet Muhammad, and the early caliphs.
Don't miss the Weeping Column (also called the Wishing Column), where legend says inserting your thumb into the hole and feeling moisture means your wish will come true. The upper gallery offers spectacular views of the main hall and houses some of the best-preserved mosaics, including the Empress Zoe Mosaic. The marble Coronation Square, where Byzantine emperors were crowned, is another fascinating detail to look for near the center of the nave.
Visiting Hours & Tickets
Hagia Sophia is open daily as a functioning mosque. Non-worshippers can typically visit between prayer times, with the most accessible hours being from early morning to early afternoon. During the five daily prayer times, the mosque is reserved for worshippers, and tourist access is temporarily restricted. Friday midday prayers may result in longer closures.
As of 2025, entry to Hagia Sophia requires a ticket for foreign visitors, priced at approximately 25 EUR (or equivalent in Turkish Lira). Turkish citizens and residents enter for free. Tickets can be purchased online in advance through the official Muze.gen.tr website or at ticket kiosks near the entrance. Buying tickets online is strongly recommended to skip the often long queues, especially during peak tourist season from April to October.
Dress Code & Etiquette
Since Hagia Sophia is an active mosque, visitors must follow a modest dress code. Both men and women should cover their shoulders and knees. Women are required to cover their hair with a headscarf — free scarves are available at the entrance if you don't have one. Shoes must be removed before entering and are carried in plastic bags provided at the door. Photography is generally allowed, but flash photography and tripods are not permitted. Visitors should remain respectful, keep voices low, and avoid walking in front of those praying.
Best Time to Visit Hagia Sophia
The best time to visit is early morning, right when the mosque opens to tourists. This way you avoid the massive midday crowds and have a better chance of appreciating the architecture in relative peace. Weekdays are significantly less crowded than weekends. If you're visiting Istanbul in spring (April–May) or autumn (September–November), you'll enjoy milder weather and smaller crowds overall. Check the Istanbul weather forecast before your visit so you can plan a comfortable day of sightseeing.
Summer months (June–August) see the highest number of visitors, and the combination of heat and crowds can make the experience less enjoyable. Winter visits (December–February) are much quieter, though Istanbul's cold and rainy weather means you should dress warmly. For detailed seasonal planning, check our guide on Istanbul local time and daylight hours to make the most of your day.
How to Get to Hagia Sophia
Hagia Sophia is located in the Sultanahmet neighborhood, which is easily accessible by public transport. The T1 Bağcılar-Kabataş tram line stops at Sultanahmet station, just a 3-minute walk from the entrance. If you're coming from the Asian side, take the Marmaray line to Sirkeci and walk about 10 minutes through the historic streets. From Taksim Square, the F1 funicular to Kabataş connects to the T1 tram. You can plan your route using the WFY24 Route Planner.
If you're arriving by taxi, tell the driver "Sultanahmet, Ayasofya" for the most accurate drop-off point. Parking in the Sultanahmet area is extremely limited, so public transport or walking is highly recommended.
Nearby Attractions
Hagia Sophia sits in one of Istanbul's most historically dense neighborhoods. Directly across the park is the Blue Mosque (Sultan Ahmed Mosque), which offers a wonderful visual contrast with its six minarets and cascading domes. The Basilica Cistern, an underground wonder with 336 marble columns, is just steps away. The Topkapi Palace, the administrative center of the Ottoman Empire for nearly 400 years, is a short walk to the northeast.
The Sultanahmet district is also home to the Hippodrome, the Istanbul Archaeology Museums, and the entrance to the Istanbul district area — perfect for extending your historical exploration. Many visitors combine a Hagia Sophia visit with a walk through the nearby Arasta Bazaar for a quieter shopping experience compared to the Grand Bazaar.
Insider Tips for Your Visit
To get the most out of your Hagia Sophia experience, consider these practical tips. First, buy your tickets online at least a day in advance — the queues at peak times can stretch to over an hour. Arrive by 9:00 AM for the smallest crowds. Bring a small bag for your shoes, as the provided plastic bags can be flimsy. A portable water bottle is useful in summer, as the area around Hagia Sophia offers limited shade.
Consider hiring a licensed guide or joining a small group tour for your first visit — the historical layers of this building are so rich that having context transforms the experience. Audio guides are also available. If you want to photograph the interior without crowds, early morning light through the dome windows creates the most dramatic and photogenic atmosphere.
For a complete view of all Istanbul's weather conditions, neighborhoods, and travel planning, explore the Istanbul geographic overview and browse more of our Turkey travel and weather guides to plan the perfect Turkish adventure.
