The Czech Republic observes 13 public holidays that reflect its rich history from medieval statehood through Habsburg rule to modern independence. Statehood Day honours St Wenceslas, patron saint and symbol of Czech identity. Independence Day marks the 1918 founding of Czechoslovakia, while Freedom Day commemorates the 1989 Velvet Revolution. Christmas Eve (Stedry den) is the centrepiece of Czech Christmas, celebrated with carp, potato salad, and the tradition of cutting apples to predict the future.