The Snow Trench is the simplest and fastest emergency shelter you can build. Using the insulating properties of snow, the trench traps body heat and protects from deadly winds. We analyze step by step the excavation process, floor insulation, and roof construction, as well as critical safety rules for ventilation.
A snow trench is the most basic emergency winter shelter, requiring minimal tools and effort. When caught in a winter emergency without proper shelter, this technique can save your life by utilizing snow's natural insulating properties.
Select a site with deep, consolidated snow away from avalanche paths and falling hazards. Avoid areas near trees where snow may be shallow or unstable. Look for natural windbreaks when possible.
Outline a trench slightly longer than your body and about 60-75 cm wide. This minimizes the air volume you need to warm with body heat.
Excavate to a depth of at least 60 cm. Pile the removed snow on the sides for later use in roof construction. Keep the walls as vertical as possible.
If snow depth permits, create a raised sleeping platform about 30 cm above the floor. Warm air rises, keeping you warmer on the platform.
Never lie directly on snow. Use available materials: pine branches, a foam pad, backpack, or extra clothing. This barrier prevents conductive heat loss to the ground.
Cover the trench with skis, poles, branches, or a tarp. Then pile snow on top for insulation. Leave a small gap or vent hole to prevent carbon dioxide buildup.
