Turkey spans multiple climate zones due to its vast geography. The Aegean and Mediterranean coasts experience hot summers and mild winters, while the Black Sea coast receives heavy rainfall year-round. Central Anatolia has a continental climate with harsh winters and hot, dry summers. Eastern Turkey sees extreme cold in winter, with temperatures dropping below -30°C.
Spring (April–May) is ideal across most regions with moderate temperatures. Summer (June–August) brings intense heat to the south and interior, with temperatures above 40°C. Autumn is mild and pleasant. Winter varies dramatically: Istanbul averages 5°C, while Erzurum in the east drops to -15°C.
Turkey is prone to severe weather events including heavy snowfall in the east, flooding along the Black Sea coast, and occasional dust storms in southeastern regions. The country sits in a major seismic zone, and weather-related landslides can follow heavy rains in mountainous terrain.
